Farming regions

Globally, maize is grown in a wide range of climates, from temperate to tropical regions. The major maize-producing countries include the United States, China, Brazil, Argentina, and India. The crop thrives in regions with warm temperatures, adequate rainfall, and fertile soils, typically between latitudes 40°N and 40°S. While it is grown in various ecosystems, it performs best in regions with well-defined seasons and consistent rainfall during the growing period.

In Zimbabwe, maize is the country’s staple food and the backbone of its agricultural sector. It is grown across all provinces, though its distribution is influenced by rainfall patterns, altitude, and temperature variations. The major maize-producing areas are found in the country's Highveld, Midlands, and Mashonaland regions.

Highveld Region: This area, which includes parts of Mashonaland East, West, and Central, is particularly suitable for maize production due to its higher altitude and better rainfall distribution. The region benefits from relatively cooler temperatures, which favor maize growth, particularly in the summer months.

Midlands and Mashonaland Provinces: These provinces also have significant maize production, with the majority of large-scale commercial farming activities concentrated here. The soils are fertile, and the climate is more favorable for maize cultivation, particularly in areas with better irrigation infrastructure.

Lowveld Region: Although the Lowveld, which includes parts of Masvingo and Matabeleland, has hotter and drier conditions, maize is still cultivated, particularly in irrigated areas. The region's maize production is more reliant on irrigation systems due to lower rainfall compared to the Highveld.

The crop’s geographical distribution is shaped by factors such as rainfall, temperature, and altitude, with Zimbabwe's agricultural policies focusing on improving maize production to support national food security.